Phall Sokheng, male, 5 years old living with his grandmother in Sophy village, Samraong Tong commune, Samraong Tong district, Kampong Speu province. He has a sister who is 10 years old and lives with his mother. His parents were divorced and after that the father left the family and kept two children with the mother. The mother alone couldn’t afford to feed two children, later on she decided to let Sokheng live separately with the grandmother. Sokheng lives in very poor condition. He has neither enough food to eat nor proper clothes to wear because he lives with a poor grandmother who has a lot of problems with daily life, so he is not given enough appropriate care. Currently, he has had a chronic headache for about one year. Before the parents’ divorce, all the family members lived together, but they never had happiness at all as the father was addicted in narcotic drugs and always did violence on the children and the wife, for instance, he beat them, destroyed the household property, threatened to kill them that made them frightened. At home, Sokheng likes playing with the neighboring children, always asks for money to buy cakes and never listen to the grandmother. At school he seems to be timid and isn’t interested in his study. According to his grandmother with who he lives reported that he strongly suffered from domestic violence and lacked the warmth from the parents. In the class, his study result is very poor, but he always has enough school materials and he likes playing with the classmates. At home there isn’t anybody helping teach him or urge him to learn on his own at all because his grandmother works as the commune council member, so she has no time to give him a good care. Sokheng determined that he wanted to be well-educated and when grew up, he wished to be a driver because he saw his uncle driving.

Sokheng’s mother is Sdoeng Soknov, 37 years old. She has two children as her dependents. She works for the garment factory. As for the grandmother, she works for the commune council from which she gets monthly salary in the amount of USD150. She leaves for work at 8:00 A.M. until 12:00 A.M. in the morning and in the afternoon she starts again from 1:00 P.M. until 4:00 P.M., so she doesn’t have enough time to give him a warm care, to cook food, to wash clothes or to prepare him for school, etc. After work, she feels tired and need little time to rest only. Every morning before going to school, Sokheng eats only leftover rice from the past evening. However, she always admonishes her grandchild to read and write or to do the self-learning himself. She has no time to teach him at home. Her living standard is medium. She owns her proper house, a bike and a motorbike. However, she still have a problem with her living because income earned can’t cover the whole month expenses, for example, on items, medicine, ceremony, wedding, etc. so in order to meet her living needs, she has gotten a loan from the private microcredit institution. Nowadays, she has to allocate some of her monthly salary to pay a loan interest, so a small amount left is insufficient for daily living. If there is a serious illness, she must face a very big issue. She wants her grandchild to learn until he is able to complete the upper secondary school if possible because she doesn’t want her grandson to have difficulty in life and to be illiterate. Sokheng’s own mother gives only USD5 to him per month, so it is very little.